Baru2 ni i ade terbace soalan LJM yg berbunyi haha :

SEORANG PESAKIT PEREMPUAN BERUSIA 55 TAHUN MENGALAMI PNEUOMONIA YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH "MRSA".SUNTIKAN ANTIMICROBIAL YANG MANAKAH JURURAWAT PERLU SEDIAKAN?

Okeh MRSA ni ialah *Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus*

MRSA ni xrespond woo pd antibiotic yg biasanya digunakan untk treat infection.

ANTIMICROBIAL yg seswai utk treat MRSA ni ialah VANCOMYCIN.

VANCOMYCIN ni ia bertindak mengubati infeksi yang melibatkan gram positive bacteria dan biasanya diberikan bila ubat antibiotik lain x mampu nak sembuhkan infeksi tu...

BUBYE:)

As salam.

Entry kali ni nk bgtaw WHY BABY LOSE WEIGHT IN THE FIRST WEEK :

CAUSES :

1.Baby mmg dilahirkan dgn extra weight bcz nk mmbntu semasa stress in labor.

2.Extra fat bcz mature milk of breastfeeding does not come in 3-5 days.

1st foremilk - quite watery.

milk coming out later is hindmilk-It is more creamier and may have 50% more fat.

3.Iv fluid given to mother causes a large shift of fluid from mother to fetus.

السلام عليكم




Generic Name : Etoricoxib

Trade name : Arcoxia

Drug Class : NSAIDs

Indications :

1 .treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

2. osteoarthritis

3. ankylosing spondylitis

4. chronic low back pain

5. acute pain

Contraindications :

1.Active peptic ulceration or GI bleeding

2.severe hepatic dysfunction


Jom imbas sat :

Rukun Islam ada 5 perkara iaitu :

1.Mengucap 2 Kalimah Syahadat.

2.Menunaikan solat 5 waktu sehari semalam.

3.Mengeluarkan zakat.

4.Berpuasa pada bulan Ramadhan.

5.Menunaikan haji di Baitullah.

~السلام عليكم



Ok cm biase ubat hari ni ialah:

Generic name :Diclofenac.

Trade name :Voltaren,Cataflam,Solaraze,Novo difenac.

Class of drugs : NSAIDs(inhibit prostaglandin).

Uses/Indications :

1.Treatment rheumatoid arthritis-inflamasi kt joints.

2.Treatment of osteoarthritis-joint disorder.

3.Treatment ankylosing spondylitis - inflamasi pd joints n spinal bone.

4.Treatment menstrual cramp.

5.Treatment acute pain bcz CONTUSION,STRAINS(injury of tendon-connective tissues that connect muscles to bone ),
SPRAINS (injury og ligament-fibrous tissue that connect bones to other bones )

6.Ophthalmic:Treat photophobia after refractive surgery.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs


BOSANGGGNYA HARI NI HAHA

Asalam.

Okey hari ni nk post sal medication gak.Mmg azam i time cuti nk focuskan pd ubat.

Generic name : Celecoxib

Brand name : Celebrex

Drugs class : NSAID ( nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs)<-----dah diterangkan dlm entry sblm ni,cer tgok.


Uses of thiz medication :

- Relief sign and symptom of osteoarthritis,RA ( rheumatoid arthritis )

- Treatment acute pain--->sllu kan diberi kt pesakit yg xtahan sakit dlm wad.

- Treatment menstrual pain @ nama saintifiknyee ialah dysmenorrhea..takpun segugut.

Contraindication 4 thiz medication :

- Hypersensitivity to aspirin..aspirin ni same grup ngn celebrex iaitu NSAID.

- History of peptic ulser.

-Receiving anticoagulant theraphy.

Rindu biborn haha.hmmm :( gudluck boy ! ♥
Dok tggu lyana my bestie dtg umh jp g dye nk tdo kt umah i hoyeii..
hmm rindu yana jugak,time cutilah leh lepaking sme2 ♥
Ok bye.

Apakah NSAID (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) ? Jejom kite study sket..

- NSAID menbantu menyekat cyclooxygenase (COX ) enzyme yang menghasilkan PROSTAGLANDIN.

- Prostaglandin ialah chemical yang dihasilkan oleh sel badan dan dibantu oleh COX enzyme.

- Function of Prostaglandin :

* Promote inflammation,pain n fever.

* Support blood clotting function.

- Ok prostaglandin ni diproduce oleh COX enzyme.

- COX (cyclooxygenase) enzyme terbahagi kpd dua iaiti COX-1 dan COX-2.

- COX-1 dan COX-2 bertanggungjawab promote inflammation,pain and fever tetapi

- COX -1 yang menghasilkan prostaglandin utk support platelet dn protect lining of stomach.

- Apabila NSAID ni block COX enzyme, protaglandin akn turut menerun dan menyebabkan COX-1 yang membantu protect stomach and support platelet and blood clotting turut berkurang.

- Oleh itu, walaupun ubat dlm kump NSAID membantu mengurangkan kesakitan,demam dan inflamasi ianya tidak sesuai untuk pesakit yang mempunyai peptic ulser,severe bleeding,sedang menjalankan anticoagulant theraphy kerana ubt ini mengurangkan COX-1 yang membantu melindungi stomach dn menyokong platelet and blood clotting.





- Cth ubat NSAID ialah aspirin,ibuprofen,naproxen,celebrex and etc..

Generic name : Pantoprazole

Trade name : Protonix

Drug class : Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
PPI block the production of acid by stomach

Other drugs with same class : -lansoprazole ( prevacid )

- omeprazole ( prilosec )

-rabeprazole

Indications :

1- erosive esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux diasease (GERD)
GERD = food or liquid from stomach leak backwards from stomach into esophagus.Thiz action irritate the aesophagus.

2-Hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger - Ellisons
Zollinger Ellisons - condition increase gastrin hormone.Gastrin hormone stimulate the production of stomach acid.


Contraindication:

-History of chronic hepatic disease(chronic liver disease)-progressive destruction of liver.

side effects:
1) diarrhea
2) nausea, vomiting
3) constipation
4) rash
5) headaches

hye sok rayer heheh..hepy Eid Ul-Adha semua...

Hari ni jejom kite belajar sal ubat ea/drug hehe

Generic name : Mannitol

Brand name : Osmitrol

Uses drug (mannitol) ni ialah/indication :

1) Produce diuresis --> elevate rate of urination

2) Reduce IOP(intraoccular pressure) due to acute glaucoma

3) Treatmnet oliguric (low output of urine) phase of acute renal failure

4)Reduce in increase ICP ( intracranial pressure ) due to cerebral edema,spina cord edema(bengak)

5) Remove certain drugs/poisons from body by urinary excretions ex :aspirin,bromides,barbiturate,imipramine.

Oh baru taw hehe

Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) increase sbb DEHYDRATION, EXCESSIVE BOOD PLASMA LOSS & POLYCYTHEMIA VERA.


POLYCYTHEMIA VERA :

-Ianya juga dikenali sbg erytheremia atau primary polycythemia.




-Polycythemia vera - bone marrow diasease .It will increase(produce) the number of blood cells such as white blood cells and platelet but primarily red blood cells.


Symptoms


•Breathing difficulty when lying down-terpaksa tinggikan kepala dgn bantal baru dpt bernafas dgn baik.

•Dizziness

•Excessive bleeding

•Fullness in the left upper abdomen -kerana spleen membesar

•Itchiness-terutamanya slps mandi air panas(suam)

•Red coloring-terutamanya bahagian muka.


Treatment

-Tujuan rawatan ialah untuk mengurangkan ketebalan darah dan mengelakkan pendarahan serta pembekuan darah

1)Phlebotomy




-membantu decrease blood thickness.
-1 unit of blood ( 1pint) removed weekly sehingga level hematocrit berkurangan, 45 bagi (lelaki),dan 42 bagi (perempuan)


2)Chemotheraphy -hydroxyurea diberikan untuk mengurangkan penghasilan sel drah merah dlm bone marrow

3)Interfon - reduce number of blood cell

4)Medicine - ‘anagrelide’ ianya membantu merendahkan bilangan platelet

5)Aspirin - mengurangkan risiko blood cloth

6)Ultraviolet-B light theraphy - mengurangkan symptom kegatalan(itching) pd pesakit